Utilizing NDWI, MNDWI, SAVI, WRI, and AWEI for Estimating Erosion and Deposition in Ping River in Thailand

The Ping River, located in northern Thailand, is facing various challenges due to the impacts of climate change, dam operations, and sand mining, leading riverbank erosion deposition. To monitor accretion, this study employs remote sensing GIS technology, utilizing five water indices: Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Modified (MNDWI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation (SAVI), Ratio (WRI), Automated Extraction (AWEI). results from each index were comparable, with an accuracy ranging 79.10 94.53 percent analytical precision between 96.05 100 percent. AWEI WRI streams showed highest out indices their larger total surface area. Between 2015 2022, River saw 5.18 km2 erosion. Conversely, morphological analysis revealed 5.55 accretion low-lying river areas. presence stabilizing structures has resulted being greater than erosion, formation riverbars along River. hyacinth, narrow width, different levels given periods may impact retrieved